Author: Francisco GonçalvesEmail: francis.goncalves@gmail.com AbstractThe standard cosmological model assumes the existence of dark matter and dark energy to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. However, these entities have never been directly detected. In this paper, we propose that primordial black holes (PBHs) and black holes formed throughout cosmic time are the primary gravitational engines of the cosmos. We argue that PBHs can...